Flight

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[image style="uk-image-round" url="images/300px-Motion_of_Insectwing.gif" title=" Natural sculptors" width="600" height="500" /]
  • a. wings
  • b. joints where asynchronous flight muscles would attach
  • c. dorsoventral muscles
  • d. longitudinal muscles

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 The force in the wings is provided by 2 pairs of indirect muscles,  dorsoventral and longitudinal. The dorsoventral muscles, known as elevator muscles, are connected to the scutum and the lower sides of the mesothorax. The longitudinal muscles are connected to the mesoscutum and the rear of the mesothorax which is part of propodaeum.  Contracting the elevator muscles releases the longitudinal muscles and pulls down the notum (tergum) raising the wings. Relaxing the elevator muscles the longitudinal (depressor) muscles contract notum expands and wings drop.